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Geriatrics

Geriatrics

Ethnogeriatrics

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Cancer Care

Prostate

A major type of cancer affecting older African American men is prostate cancer, in which they have a 60% excess incidence (Richardson, 1996). Black non-Hispanic males have been found to have twice the risk of prostate cancer as Black Hispanic men (Manton, 1997).

Breast

REFERENCES

To see references and abstracts regarding age-related breast cancer patterns in African American Women,click here.

Breast cancer incidence seems to be about the same or lower for African American women as other women, but the survival rate is lower. The survival rates appear to be improving, but the stage at which the tumor is diagnosed is still later for Black women.

Factors associated with the late stage diagnosis are:

  • limited access to care
  • care in public rather than private clinics
  • higher body mass index
  • lower rates of mammography

Breast cancer continues to be diagnosed at later stages of the illness in African American women compared to white women. A new study suggests that poorer communication of mammogram results may not allow black women to benefit fully from mammography screening and may underlie their later diagnosis of breast cancer (Jones et al. 2007).

The investigators reported that communication of mammogram results was problematic for 14.5 percent of the women in the study (12.5 percent had not received their screening result, and 2 percent had received their result, but their self-report differed from the radiology record).

Inadequate communication of mammogram results was nearly twice as common among black women as white women (21 vs. 11 percent), even after adjustment for other sociodemographic, clinical, and care access factors. Also, abnormal results were more likely to be inadequately communicated to black women (31 percent of abnormal results vs. 19 percent of normal results), but not to white women.

Among women in the study who had abnormal results, 44 percent of those in the inadequate communication group (many of whom believed their mammogram was normal) compared with 29 percent of those in the adequate communication group did not receive adequate follow-up.

Cervical

Cervical cancer risk is higher among African American women (Manton, 1997). Incidence and mortality for multiple myeloma cancer among Blacks are twice that among Whites, and the risk increases with age. (For complete discussion of causes of racial differences in cancers see Manton and Stallard, 1997).

Survival Rates

 Click to View Figure 2

Figure 2 shows a comparison of cancer survival rates between Black and White patients. With the exception of Mesothelioma, Blacks tend to have a lower survival rate than Whites. Sizable disparities are seen in Breast, Corpus & Uterus, NOS, Larynx, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Oral Cavity & Pharynx and Kaposi Sarcoma.

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African American

  • Description
  • Learning Objectives
  • Introduction & Overview
    • Population Growth and Distribution
    • Characteristics
  • Patterns of Health Risk
    • Life Expectancy
    • Mortality
    • Morbidity
    • Self-Rated Health and Functional Status

CULTURALLY APPROPRIATE CARE

  • Fund of Knowledge
    • Health History
      • Up from slavery
      • Health and Longevity Since the Mid-19th Century
      • Significant Dates and Periods
      • Cohort Experiences
    • Health Beliefs
    • Illness Causes & Interventions
  • Assesment
    • Cultural Biases and Misdiagnoses
    • Showing Respect
    • Use of Assesment Instruments
  • Delivery of Care
    • Cardiovascular Disease
    • Stroke
    • Breast Cancer
    • Mental Health
    • End-of-life Care
  • Cancer Care

Access and Utilization

  • Disparities
    • 1. Patient-Based Factors
    • 2. Physician-Based Factors
      • Maltreatment and Segregated Training
      • Discriminatory Patterns
      • Social and Kinship Networks
      • Informal Caregiving
      • Caregiver Burden
      • Long-Term Care
    • 3. End-of-Life Care Issues
      • Palliative and Hospice Care
      • Advance Directives
      • Role of Church and Religion
  • Health Promotion
    • Improving Health Care

Learning Resources

  • Instructional Strategies
    • Projects and Assignments
    • Case Study 1: Mr. S
      • Overview and History
      • Course and Outcome
      • Cultural Issues
    • Case Study 2: Mrs. P
  • Student Evaluation
  • List of References
    • General
    • Fictive Kin
    • Breast Cancer
    • Tuskegee Study
  • Searchable Reference Database
  • Links
  • Important Cultural Terminology
  • Glossary
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