Time Period | Experiences | Cohort Age At Experience | Current Cohort Age |
1900–1920 | Reservations | Children & Adolescents | 85+ |
Children | 75–85 | ||
Forced Boarding Schools | not born yet | 65–75 | |
not born yet | |||
Traditional Culture seen as “Bad” | not born yet | 55–65 | |
Law Banned Spiritual Practices | |||
1920–1940 | U.S. Citizenship | Young Adults & Middle Aged | 85+ |
Adoption of Indian Children by Whites | Adolescents & Young Adults | 75–85 | |
Loss of Land by Allotment System | Children & Adolescents | 65–75 | |
Forced Assimilation | Children | 55–65 | |
Boarding Schools | |||
1940–1960 | World War II Service | Middle Aged & Young Old | 85+ |
Relocation by BIA | Young Adults & Middle Aged | 75–85 | |
Termination of 100 Tribes | Adolescents & Young Adults | 65–75 | |
Forced Assimilation | Children & Adolescents | 55–65 | |
1960–1980 | Vietnam War | Young Old & Old | 85+ |
Indian Activism | Middle Aged & Young Old | 75–85 | |
Youths Return to Traditional Practices | Young Adults & Middle Aged | 65–75 | |
Urbanization for Education & Jobs | Adolescents & Young Adults | 55–65 | |
1980–present | Education of Professionals Litigation | Old | 85+ |
Self-Determination of Tribes | Young Old & Old | 75–85 | |
Urban Pan-Indianism | Middle Aged & Young Old | 65–75 | |
Reservation Gaming | Young Adult & Middle Aged | 55–65 |
Source: Hendrix, L. in Yeo et al, 1998